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Weights
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Weights and Measures and Bible Alphabets
Weights and measures in the original languages of the Bible are expressed in terms that are not easy for people today to visualize or understand. While every effort has been made to provide accurate modern equivalencies, it should be noted that the measurements listed here varied from one ancient country to another.
| 1 handbreadth | 3 inches (US) | 7.5 centimeters |
| 1 span | 9 inches (US) | |
| 1 standard cubit | 15 inches (US) | 0.46 meters |
| 1 long cubit = 1 standard cubit + 1 handbreadth |
18 inches (US) | |
| Dry Measure | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 ephad (dry) = 1/10th homer (dry) |
0.62 bushels (US) 0.61 bushels, imperial |
22 cubic decimeters? |
| 1 homer (dry) | 6.2 bushels (US) 6.1 bushels, imperial |
220 cubic decimeters |
| 1 cor (dry) | 103 gallons, dry (US) 86 gallons, dry imperial |
391 liters |
| 1 sata (dry) | 1.5 pecks (US) | 1.3 cubic decimeters |
| 1 choenix | > 1 quart, dry (US) | slightly > 1 cubic decimeter |
| Liquid Measure | ||
| 1 bath (liquid) = 1/10th homer (dry) |
5.8 gallons (US) 4.84 gallons, imperial |
22 liters |
| 1 homer (liquid) | 58 gallons (US) 48.4 gallons, imperial |
220 liters |
| 1 hin (liquid) | 1.7 gallons (US) | 6.5 liters |
| Weights/Masses | ||
| 1 shekel | 2/5 advp. ounce (US) | 11.5 grams |
| 1 talent = 3000 shekels |
76.1 pounds (US) | 34.5 kilograms |
| Monetary | ||
| 1 quadrans, Ceasarian times Roman coin = 1/64 Roman silver denarius coin |
||
| 1 denarius (pl. denarii), Ceasarian times [one day's agriculturer's wages] Roman silver coin = 1/25 Roman gold aureus coin = 1/4 Heb. shekel silver |
||
| 1 drachma, Hellenistic to Ceasarian times [one day's agriculturer's wages] Greek silver coin, nearly equal in size/value to 1 denarius or 1/4 Heb. shekel silver |
||
| 1 didrachma, Hellenistic to Ceasarian times Greek silver coin, equal in value to 2 drachma or nearly 2 denarii or 1/2 Heb. shekel silver |
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| 1 stater (Roman name for didrachma?), Hellenistic to Ceasarian times Greek silver coin, equal in value to 2 drachma or nearly 2 denarii or 1/2 Heb. shekel silver |
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| 1 mina, Hellenistic to Ceasarian times Greek coin, equal in value to 100 denarii or 1/60th of a talent |
||
1 shekel: Value depends upon metal used—gold, silver, or brass |
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Bible Alphabets
Hebrew and Greek Alphabets
| Hebrew - Psalms 119 | Greek - Rev. 1:8 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ? | alef | ? | ? | alpha | |||
| ? | bet, beth | ? | ? | beta | |||
| ? | gimel | ? | ? | gamma | |||
| ? | daled, dalet, daleth | ? | ? | delta | |||
| ? | hey, he | ? | ? | epsilon | |||
| ? | waw, vav | ? | ? | zeta | |||
| ? | zayin | ? | ? | eta | |||
| ? | chet, cheth, het, heth | ? | ? | theta | |||
| ? | tet, teth | ? | ? | iota | |||
| ? | yud, yod, yodh | ? | ? | kappa | |||
| ? | ? | kaf, kaph (final kaf) | ? | ? | lamda | ||
| ? | lamed, lamedh | ? | ? | mu | |||
| ? | ? | mem (final mem) | ? | ? | nu | ||
| ? | ? | nun (final nun) | ? | ? | xi | ||
| ? | samekh | ? | ? | omicron | |||
| ? | ayin | ? | ? | pi | |||
| ? | ? | pey, pe (final pey) | ? | ? | rho | ||
| ? | ? | tzadi, tsadi, zade, sadhe, tsadhe (final tzadi) | ? | ? | ? | sigma (final sigma) | |
| ? | kuf, qof, qoph | ? | ? | tau | |||
| ? | resh | ? | ? | upsilon | |||
| ?? | sin | ? | ? | phi | |||
| ?? | shin | ? | ? | chi | |||
| ? | tav, taw | ? | ? | psi | |||
| ? | ? | omega | |||||
WEIGHTS
beka,1/2 shekel(10 gerahs) 88.14 grains 5.711 g
gerah 8.81 grains 0.570 g
mina (50 shekels) 20.148 oz 571.175 g
pim 3/4 shekel(1 1/2 bekas) 0.25 oz 7.0 g
pound (Hebrew mina) 20.148 oz 571.175 g
pound (Latin libra) 0.719 lb 325.707 g
shekel(2 bekas) 176.29 grains 11.423 g
talent (60 minas) 75.558 lb 34.227 kg
talent (Hebrew talent) 75.558 lb 34.227 kg
MEASURES
DRY MEASURES of CAPACITY
ephah, measure (3 seahs) 20.878 qt 22.986 L
homer, measure, cor(2 lethechs) 6.524 bu 229.892 L
kab (4 logs) 1.159 qt 1.276 L
lethech(5 ephahs) 3.262 bu 114.946 L
log (1 1/4 kab) 20.5 cu. in .33 L
measure (3 1/3 omers) 6.959 qt 7.661 L
omer (1/10 epah, 1 4/5 kabs) 2.087 qt 2.297 L
seah (3 1/3 omers, 6 kabs) .25 cu ft 7.33 L
LIQUID MEASURES of CAPACITY
bath (6 hins, 3 seahs) 6.073 gal 22.986 L
hin (3 kabs, 12 logs) 1.012 gal 3.830 L
kab (4 logs) 1.349 qt 1.276 L
log (1/12 hin) 0.674 pt 0.318 L
measure,cor (10 baths) 60.738 gal 229.893 L
seah (6 kabs, 2 hins) 2.0 gal 7.33 L
MEASURES of LENGTH
cubit (2 spans) 6-7 palms 17.49 in. 44.424 cm
finger (digit) 1/12 span 0.728 in. 1.849 cm
gomedh 3 3/4 palms, 1 1/4 spans 12.0 in. 30.0 cm
handbreadth (4 fingers) 2.915 in. 7.404 cm
palm (handbreadth) 4 fingers 3.0 in. 7.5 cm
span (3 handbreadths) 8.745 in. 22.212 cm
MEASURES of CAPACITY
measure (Hebrew bath) 6.073 gal 22.986 L
measure (Hebrew cor) 6.524 bu 229.892 L
measure (Hebrew seah) 6.959 qt 7.661 L
measure 10.3 gal 38.985 L
quart 0.98 dry qt 1.078 L
bushel (Latin modius) 7.68 dry qt 8.455 L
pot (Latin sextarius) 0.96 dry pt 0.528 L
1.12 fluid pt 0.529 L
MEASURES of LENGTH
cubit 6-7 palms, 2 spans 18 in. 45 cm
fathom 4 cubits. 8 spans 72 in. 182 cm
furlong 606 ft 184 m
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